How does Java handle exceptions and errors?

Java has adopted exception handling whereby an effective handling of run time, time errors is possible. Java provides a hierarchy of classes for exceptions that allows the developer to declare the kind of exception they want to catch using the try-catch block. Such unchecked exceptions as NullPointerException are those kinds of exceptions denoting program errors, whereas checked exceptions like IOException require explicit handling to ensure that such kinds of errors have been foreseen and handled in the application code.